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Coming up next   on " Jonathan Bird's Blue World ",   

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Jonathan goes to inner space   at NASA's <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Neutral</span><rt>無重力</rt></ruby> <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Buoyancy</span><rt>浮揚</rt></ruby> Lab,   
where   astronauts are trained.   

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Hi,   I'm Jonathan Bird   and welcome to my world!   

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"Blue World" takes me   on adventures all over the planet.   

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Today's adventure takes me   to the Johnson Space Center at NASA,   
in Houston, Texas!   

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And,   I'm standing   on the International Space Station!   

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Well,   not exactly.   

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I'm standing   on an underwater full size replica   
of the International Space Station   in a <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">gigantic</span><rt>巨大な</rt></ruby> indoor swimming pool.   

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Here   they train astronauts   to work in zero gravity   
by simulating these conditions underwater.   

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Outside,   it just looks like a huge <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">warehouse</span><rt>倉庫</rt></ruby>,   
but   inside is   the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Neutral</span><rt>無重力</rt></ruby> <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Buoyancy</span><rt>浮揚</rt></ruby> Laboratory: The NBL.   

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I arrive early in the morning   and meet Daniel Sedej,   
the facility manager,   who has arranged our visit.   

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We drag all our gear inside   and <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">get our first</span><rt>(少し見る)</rt></ruby> glimpse   of the NBL.   

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This thing is huge   - a swimming pool   nearly the size of a football field!   

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As   we arrive,   the morning mission <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">briefing</span><rt>説明</rt></ruby>   is just starting.   

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The entire team,   from astronauts   to support divers to technicians,   
are all given a thorough <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">run-through</span><rt>練習</rt></ruby>   on the training exercises for the day.   

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And   Cameraman Tim and I   <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">are part of</span><rt>(参加する)</rt></ruby> this meeting,   

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because   they are going to let us   dive in the NBL   today   
with the astronauts!   

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Our morning starts   with a quick <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">checkup</span><rt>点検</rt></ruby>.   

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All divers in the NBL   must pass a rigorous physical,   
and a <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">checkup</span><rt>点検</rt></ruby>   before the dive.   

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Cameraman Tim and I   are no exception.   

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We pass our <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">checkup</span><rt>点検</rt></ruby>,   and next   we meet up with Sara Williams,   
the Dive Training Officer   who gives us   a dive safety <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">briefing</span><rt>説明</rt></ruby>.   

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What to do   and what not to do   in the NBL.   

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Just as   we finish our <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">briefing</span><rt>説明</rt></ruby>,   the team is gathering   on the deck   
to begin <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">preparations</span><rt>準備</rt></ruby>   for putting the astronauts in the water.   

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Getting into a space suit   is no easy <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">feat</span><rt>作業</rt></ruby>.   

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In fact,   it might be easier   in the zero gravity of orbit.   

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But here on land,   it takes assistance.   

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The astronauts wear   <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">liquid-cooled</span><rt>液体冷却式の</rt></ruby> underwear   to keep them from overheating.   

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That's   what these tubes are for.   

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The <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">torso</span><rt>内部</rt></ruby> of the suit   is <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">clamped</span><rt>(固定する)</rt></ruby> to a cage   
because   its too heavy to lift.   

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That's because   this space suit is specially modified   for underwater use,   
and has a lot of <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">lead</span><rt>鉛</rt></ruby> weight   in it.   

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Climbing into the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">torso</span><rt>内部</rt></ruby>   is a little tricky.   

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It takes nearly an hour   to <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">suit up</span><rt>(着る)</rt></ruby>.   

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The last thing to <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">go on</span><rt>(行う)</rt></ruby>   is the helmet.   

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Underwater,   a <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">high-oxygen</span><rt>高濃度酸素</rt></ruby> blend of air   will be fed to the astronauts   
through their <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">umbilicals</span><rt>ケーブル</rt></ruby>.   

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Meanwhile,   the safety divers are in the water   getting ready.   

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They wear   double scuba tanks   so   they have enough air   
to stay down   as long as <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">necessary</span><rt>必要な</rt></ruby>   to complete the mission.   

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Tim and I   are getting ready too.   

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I can't wait   to see this enormous underwater facility!   

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I <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">descend</span><rt>(潜る)</rt></ruby> into the clearest water   I have ever seen,   
and   it looks like   an underwater movie set!   

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The pool is   a <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">staggering</span><rt>驚異的な</rt></ruby> 40 feet deep,   

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and   everywhere I look   are full-size replica sections   
of the International Space Station.   

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I take a few minutes   to explore the pool.   

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I can see   from one end to the other very   clearly,   

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meaning   that the underwater <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">visibility</span><rt>可視性</rt></ruby>   is over 200 feet!   

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I could spend a few hours   just swimming   around down here.   

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It's like a playground for divers,   
with all sorts of great structures   to swim through!   

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For the astronauts--   now, the moment of truth.   

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A crane lifts them   into the pool,   
wearing 300 pounds of space suit <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">apiece</span><rt>それぞれ</rt></ruby>.   

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Underwater,   the safety divers meet them   
and carefully remove them   from the platform.   

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Each astronaut   is carefully <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">weighted</span><rt>(重量調整する)</rt></ruby>   
to be precisely <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">neutrally</span><rt>無重量で</rt></ruby> <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">buoyant</span><rt>浮遊する</rt></ruby>.   

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Hey,   they don't call it   the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Neutral</span><rt>無重力</rt></ruby> <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Buoyancy</span><rt>浮揚</rt></ruby> Lab   <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">for nothing</span><rt>意味もなく</rt></ruby>!   

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Once <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">weighted</span><rt>(重量調整する)</rt></ruby> properly,   the astronauts <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">hover</span><rt>(浮遊する)</rt></ruby> in the water   
as if floating   in the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">weightlessness</span><rt>無重力</rt></ruby> of space.   

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Since   <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">fins</span><rt>水かき</rt></ruby> don't work in space,   
the astronauts don't get to wear them   here.   

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They must be moved   from task to task   by the divers.   

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The divers are also responsible for   keeping a careful eye   
on everything happening.   

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Each astronaut has 4 divers   assigned to him or her.   

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Two are safety divers.   
Another has a camera   with a cable   going to the control room.   

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And   there are more cameras   mounted all over the inside of the pool too.   

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In the Test Director room   overlooking the pool,   
21 monitors keep the staff informed   of everything that happens below.   

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They <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">oversee</span><rt>(監視する)</rt></ruby>   the safety of the operation.   

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If   anything were to go wrong,   
the divers can get the astronaut   to the surface   in only seconds.   

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In the Test <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Conductor</span><rt>案内</rt></ruby> room,   
another team   is conducting the training run.   

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The test <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">conductor</span><rt>案内</rt></ruby> and team   speak directly to the astronauts   
through communication gear in their helmets.   

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But   powerful underwater speakers   allow   
the divers to hear   everything that is being said,   

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even if   they can't talk back.   

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The point of all this effort   is to provide a learning environment   
for astronauts   

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where   they can practice tasks   over and over   
in simulated zero gravity,   

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before   they are required   to do it by themselves   in space.   

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Tasks that are easy on land   become much harder   in zero gravity.   

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And harder still   while wearing a space suit   
that has to be able to protect an astronaut   from the vacuum of space.   

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A space suit is designed   to have more pressure   
on the inside   than on the outside,   

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since   it's effectively <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">inflated</span><rt>(膨張する)</rt></ruby>   like a balloon in space.   

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Here in the NBL,   that pressure is backwards.   

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Water is definitely   not a vacuum.   

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In order to keep the water pressure   from <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">squishing</span><rt>(押し潰す)</rt></ruby> the astronauts   

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as they go deeper,   the suits are <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">inflated</span><rt>(膨張する)</rt></ruby>   to a pressure just a few PSI higher   
than the surrounding water.   

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When   an astronaut goes deeper   into the pool,   
the water pressure pushes in on the suit   and tries to compress it,   

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so   the suit is given   more internal pressure   
to keep it <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">inflated</span><rt>(膨張する)</rt></ruby> correctly.   

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As   the astronaut <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">ascends</span><rt>(上昇する)</rt></ruby>   towards the surface,   
the air inside the suit   expands   

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and   tries to <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">overinflate</span><rt>(過度に膨らませせる)</rt></ruby> the suit,   
so   some of the air   is released.   

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In this way,   the suit always stays <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">inflated</span><rt>(膨張する)</rt></ruby>   
just as   it would be in space.   

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After a couple hours of training,   the divers move one of the astronauts   
over to the platform   and remove her glove.   

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This training exercise   simulates a suit failure,   
and   it's one of the things   that astronauts practice underwater.   

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The continuous flow of <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">bubbles</span><rt>気泡</rt></ruby>   from the sleeve   
shows the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">regulator</span><rt>レギュレータ</rt></ruby>   in the suit   attempting to maintain positive pressure.   

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Soon,   the astronaut is lifted   from the water   
after a successful training mission.   

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Tim and I   head back to the surface too.   

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That is   the coolest swimming pool ever!   

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Later,   I have the opportunity   to meet Ron Garan,   
a real astronaut.   

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He has spent nearly half a year   in space,   
and more than 27 hours spacewalking.   

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So   you know   what I had to ask him.   

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You gotta tell me   what it's like   to be in space.   

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What's it like   to be in space?   

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Well,   it's a lot like   being in the pool here...   

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the only difference is,   
when   you turn <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">upside down</span><rt>上下逆さま</rt></ruby>   in the pool,   you feel <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">upside down</span><rt>上下逆さま</rt></ruby>.   

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When   you turn <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">upside down</span><rt>上下逆さま</rt></ruby>   in space,   there is no <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">upside down</span><rt>上下逆さま</rt></ruby>,   
so   you don't have that <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">sensation</span><rt>感覚</rt></ruby>   of blood <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">rushing</span><rt>(流れ込む)</rt></ruby> to your head.   

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And   you can't <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">beat</span><rt>(見る)</rt></ruby> the view.   

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Yeah,   I guess   that's true,   huh?   

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What did you do   here,   that helped you   as an astronaut?   

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Well,   what we do here   is we train   for our space walks.   
There's two ways   to look at it.   

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When   we were flying the shuttle,   
we had   very specific, very <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">choreographed</span><rt>制限された</rt></ruby> space walks.   

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And   so for every hour   that we spent   outside in the vacuum of space,   

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we spent about 7 hours underwater,   
making sure   that we knew exactly   how things were going to be.   

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There's a full scale <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">mockup</span><rt>模型</rt></ruby>   as you guys saw   
of the space station down there.   

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So   just to know   how to <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">get around</span><rt>(動き回る)</rt></ruby>,   know the lay of the land,   
know how the equipment works.   

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But nowadays,   since   we don't have the space shuttles,   
what we're really training for   is if something breaks.   

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If   we have a piece of equipment   that breaks,   then   we have to go out,   
sometimes in a fairly <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">expeditious</span><rt>早急な</rt></ruby> manner,   to fix the equipment.   

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And   we never know   what's going to break   beforehand,   
so   we have to kind of train a skill set   

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to learn the basic skills   on how to fix   
anything that can go wrong outside.   

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I spend an hour   <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">chatting</span><rt>(雑談する)</rt></ruby> with Ron   about being an astronaut,   
and training underwater   in the <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Neutral</span><rt>無重力</rt></ruby> <ruby><rt></rt><span class="yaku">Buoyancy</span><rt>浮揚</rt></ruby> Lab.   

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I explain   that I'm a perfect choice   to join the space program,   

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I mean   after all,   I'm already good at   working in zero gravity.   

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But   I don't think   he was convinced.   

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So,   instead of joining the space program,   
the Blue World team   ended our exciting day   
by getting our picture taken with Ron.   

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Sometimes   my adventures in "the Blue World"   take me   
to fascinating places   I'll never forget.  <br>